قائمة الطعام
Optimization of sinter ore allocation is a key step in the steel production process, which has become the most important measure for steel enterprises to effectively reduce cost, improve quality, save energy and reduce emissions. In this paper, the first intelligent recommendation model for the sintering dosing scheme considering cost, …
For BF ironmaking, more than 75% of its iron-containing burden is iron ore sinter, which is produced by sintering a mixture of iron ore fines with the additions of flux (e.g., limestone), solid fuel (e.g., coke …
World resources are estimated to be greater than 800 billion tons of crude ore containing more than 230 billion tons of iron. The only source of primary iron is iron ore, but before all that iron ore can be turned into steel, it must go through the sintering process. Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron and steel in a blast furnace.
Several case studies demonstrate how XRD and data clustering can be used for grade control, process optimization and quality control of iron ores, iron ore sinters, direct …
Under fixed sintering conditions, the granulation efficiency, nucleus stability and primary sinter melt volume and properties of the iron ore are considered to have …
The BF is charged with metallurgical coke and iron burden materials including iron ore pellets, sinter, and lump ore. While descending in the BF the charge materials reduce. The iron-bearing materials should reduce fast and remain in the solid form until as high a temperature as possible to ensure reaction contact with reducing gas …
Applying hydrogen-rich energy such as natural gas to replace coal/coke in the steel industry can efficiently mitigate CO 2 emissions and accelerate the process of carbon neutrality. Gas injection sintering technology has been widely used in industry for more than ten years, but the replacement ratio of solid fuels by hydrogen-rich gas has …
Abstract. Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Owing to the depleting reserves of traditional high grade iron ore, there …
The tumbler index is an important factor to determine the mechanical strength of the sinter based on the methodology outlined in …
The microhardness of phases produced during agglomeration of iron ore fines to form sinter and pellets (e.g. Silico-Ferrite of Calcium and Aluminium – SFCA) helps provide a better understanding of the metallurgical properties of iron ore sinter (e.g. Shigaki et al. 1986; Loo et al. 1988; Loo and Bristow 1994; Yang and Loo 1997; Ying et …
This research work focuses on the reduction behavior of iron ore pellets, sinter, and lump ore in simulated BF shaft conditions where H 2 and H 2 O are present in typical CO CO 2 N 2 atmospheres. 2 Experimental Section. Sinter, lump ore, and iron ore pellets were used in experiments. The composition for all three materials is shown in …
Granulation of the sinter mix is an important step in the iron ore sintering process. Several experiments were conducted at the pilot scale to achieve the PI objectives before the new technologies are developed or installed. Greater permeability of the sinter bed and thereby higher productivity is achieved with an enhanced granulation index.
The size of iron ore affects the sintering properties. An increase in the size of iron ore promotes the productivity of sinter, but can reduce the tumbler strength slightly and save a little coke. The mineralogy of sinter can more easily be predicted from its chemical composition than its physical and chemical properties.
Numerous studies have shown that increasing the amount of calcium ferrate in iron ore sinter improves its strength, and the needle-like crystals of calcium ferrate in iron ore sinter result in better micromechanical properties than block-like and columnar calcium ferrate. ... The Vickers hardness value (HV) was determined based on the …
In case of chromite, the temperature required for sintering is about 200 0 C more than that required for iron ore sintering. The process conditions for manganese ore sintering are almost similar to that for iron ore. The author has actively contributed to projects for setting up of batch type (capacity 15000 tpa) sinter plants at industry site.
The study was carried out through sintering cup experiments. Firstly, iron ore, quicklime, dolomite, return fines, and coke powder were mixed and granulated in a drum pelletizer. Under the conditions of sintering of concentrate, to ensure the permeability of the sintering layer, the proportion of + 3 mm granules in the raw material after ...
The influence on sintered ore hardness involves multiple factors and interactions, with the primary influencing factors being oxide content and sintering conditions. An analysis of oxide content can partly explain the reasons behind these observations. As reported, 32 higher iron oxide content can enhance the hardness of …
Iron ore sinter is the major component of blast furnace feed in Asian iron and steel companies, and as a result, sinter quality directly influences the performance of the blast furnace. The productivity and quality of sinter are strongly determined by the iron ores used in sintering. However, with the rapid development of the steel industry in ...
It can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 that the blend with high iron grade has a high content of FeO (14.51 wt.%) because it consisted of 70 wt.% magnetite concentrate and 30 wt.% fine ore. The coke breeze has high fixed carbon content (83.37 wt.%) and low volatile matter content (1.57 wt.%). 2.2 Methods. The double-layer sintering process is …
from plain iron powder with admixed graphite, one grade alloyed also with elemental copper and another with Fe-Mn-Si masteralloy. One further grade was prepared from Cr-Mo pre-alloyed powder with admixed graphite. The effect of the sintering processes was examined in the temperature range of 700–1300 C in an inert …
Like other sintering processes, iron ore sintering converts iron ore fines of often − 8 mm sizing into larger agglomerates, namely, sinter, between 5 and 50 mm particle size, which possess the physical and metallurgical characteristics and gas permeability required for efficient blast furnace operation.As shown in Figure 14.1, iron ore sintering …
The iron ore production has significantly expanded in recent years, owing to increasing steel demands in developing countries. However, the content of iron in ore deposits has deteriorated and low-grade iron ore has been processed. ... Wynnckyj J, Fahidy T. Solid state sintering in the induration of iron ore pellets. Metallurgical …
To achieve high-efficiency utilization of complex and unmanageable iron-containing minerals, the effects of oxygen enrichment on productivity, yield, flame front speed, exhaust gas peak temperature, and desulphurization reaction of the vanadium–titanium magnetite sintering process as well as sinter tumble index and …
Granulation and thermal densification are two important steps in iron ore sintering and determine the quality of the resultant sinter and the performance of the …
It is found that lump ore has lowest reduction rate in all test conditions, and at lower temperatures iron ore pellets reduce faster than sinter, and this is reversed at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the reduction rate of sinter and iron ore pellets …
Sintering emissions and their mitigation technologies. L. Lu, ... X. Li, in Iron Ore, 2015. 18.1.1 Key gaseous emissions from sinter plants. Iron ore sintering is a material preparation process employed worldwide in the production of iron and steel. According to statistical data on pollution, sintering plants rank second in terms of toxic …
In the iron ore sintering process, it is desirable to maximize the productivity and quality of sinter while minimizing the fuel consumption for any given raw material (iron ore, flux and solid fuel) quality. However, given the complexity of the sintering process and the large number of manipulated variables, it is not practical for operators to identify …
Iron ore sinters are prepared by various types of iron ore fines, fluxes, fuels, returned sinters and dusts in a certain proportion and an appropriate amount of water, which are mixed by pelletizing and sintered on a belt sintering machine under certain negative pressure, ignition and combustion conditions.
For the ferrous burden of blast furnaces in China, sinter generally accounts for more than 70% and the sintering process accounts for approximately 6–10% of the total energy consumption of the iron and steel enterprise. Therefore, saving energy during the sintering process is important to reduce the energy consumption in the iron and steel …
sintering procedures were used to produce sintered product s of iron ore (Fe 2 O 3) + lime- stone + coke + bentonite i n this study. The porosity, den sity, microhardness, cold crush ing
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