قائمة الطعام
Leaching of copper from a Jordanian copper ore has been studied using a stirred batch reactor with hydrochloric acid as the main lixiviant, under the following conditions: temperature 25 – 45 oC ...
The use of this biochemical method in the copper leaching process resulted in a significant reduction in sulfuric acid consumption, by 40%, and a copper recovery …
mainly for recovery of gold, copper, and uranium, from low-grade ores, mining and processing waste [2–6,16–19]. The twenty percent of the world's copper production is accomplished by heap leaching of ores from mines and processing plants as well as waste ores from dumps and further processing by solvent extraction and electrowinning …
The concentrations of ferrous iron in ore column effluents and the pH of the effluents during the leaching of a copper sulfide ore were followed as an indication of the activity of the microbial populations that were established in the ore columns. The impact of this activity and the release of copper were influenced by addition of ferric iron to the …
Copper extraction from primary copper sulfide ore from a typical porphyry copper deposit from Antofagasta, Chile, was investigated after leaching with a chloride-ferrous media at two temperatures. The study focused on whether this chemical leaching system could be applied at an industrial scale. Leaching tests were conducted in …
Ruan et al. discussed the use of bioheap leaching–SX–EW technique used at Zijinshan copper plant in China to treat secondary copper sulfide ores. Megaw et al. [ 79 ] presented an alternate process for copper sulfate production that includes crushing and screening of the ores, heap-bioleaching, SX, and copper sulfate EW at remote location ...
In the 1970–90s, it was suggested that different additives be used to intensify the sulfide copper ore leaching process with acid solutions, such as sulfuric and nitric iron (III) and ammonium salts, fluoride ions, surface-active substances, oxygen, ozone, sodium chloride, nitrates and chlorides of alkaline, and alkaline earth metals [1,2,3,4 ...
A smelting workaround. The traditional route for extracting copper from sulfide ores is smelting. Yet there is a growing case for leaching sulfides from lower grade ore bodies and especially for those ore bodies containing problematic elements like arsenic, which make smelting less economical. Smelting is increasingly expensive …
1. Introduction. The discovery of mineral sulfide-oxidising thermophiles in a large scale simulation of copper ore heap leaching ( Murr and Brierley, 1978) …
The best conditions for leaching ore were determined as follows: sulfuric acid (49–76 g/l) for 16 days. Copper oxides are recovered in the solution at a rate of …
Three copper sulphide leaching and refining processes are discussed: total pressure oxidation, ferric sulphate leaching and copper chloride leaching. The effect of mineralogy on the...
In the United States, for example, the energy requirement for SX/EW processing of heap or dump leaching ranges from an estimated 10 MJ/kg to 25 MJ/kg - the difference being largely the pumping costs. In the case of the higher energy consumer, the pregnant liquor is pumped five miles from the leach site to the SX/EW plant.
In situ leaching (ISL) is an attractive technique that enables copper recovery from copper oxide ores that are either low-grade or located at depths too great to be economically exploited through conventional methods. At present, in situ leaching (ISL) has been applied to intact copper oxide ores, in particular, those which (i) present a good …
The pressure leaching of copper concentrates continues to be attractive for rapid, complete oxidation of sulfide minerals with high copper extraction and arsenic stabilization of iron–arsenate minerals and precipitates. In many cases, the excess sulfuric acid from the autoclaving process can be used to make up the acid demand for …
Gold heap leaching began around 1969. Most of the world's hydrometallurgical copper production is obtained from heap leaching operations. The biggest facility in the world is in Chile and produced 145,000 tonnes of copper in 2010. A gold leach with as little as 0.5 g Au/t ore (0.5 ppm!) can be profitable.
The copper heap leaching, solvent extraction, and electrowinning process has revolutionized the copper industry and significantly reduced the capital and operating costs for the production of copper from low-grade ores.A schematic of a typical heap leach/SX/EW operation is shown in Fig. 4.29.The SX part of the flowsheet recovers …
The leach pad itself is a key element of the heap or dump leach process. Selection of the type of leach pad, detailed pad . design, liner selection, construction techniques, and assess-ment of geotechnical risks are all part of the overall leach pad development process. Types of Leach Pad. Three main types of leach pads are used in heap and …
I NCREASING THE DURATION OF DUMP LEACHING OF COPPER UNDER WINTER CONDITIONS 545. 2. gion), where ore piles are arranged using a dump method, the issue of ensuring unint. distinctive features of ...
According to Toro et al. [], copper mining is an industry that is in constant growth, and approximately 25 million tons are produced annually worldwide [].Among the copper minerals on the planet, the …
Dump leaching is an important supplement to open pit-mill production of copper, providing about 1.0 percent of the total copper recovered. Because dump leaching is slow and incomplete, much copper remains in the dumps after leaching has been terminated. Research to improve leaching efficiency is carried out by the Bureau …
In copper dump leaching, run-of-mine ore is irrigated with acidic leaching solution to generate aqueous cupric ions for further processing. The very large size of the ore particles being leached, as much as two meters in diameter, should preclude any significant metal recovery. Dump leaching should not work; and yet it does.
The site operating cost for ore through to metal were reported to be $0.31 USD/lb of copper, one of the lowest cost operations in the world. The Mt. Gordon copper leach and process plant was shut down in 2004 due to change of ore type (no longer Esperanza chalcocite/pyrite) and corporate change of ownership to the Birla company …
The flowsheet discussed in this study is for treatment of 100 tons per day oxide-sulfide copper ore by the leaching process using sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate solvent. ... In leaching plants of capacity illustrated by this flowsheet recovery of copper normally effected range from 80 to 90% of oxide copper and 70% or more of sulfide copper from ...
The use of this biochemical method in the copper leaching process resulted in a significant reduction in sulfuric acid consumption, by 40%, and a copper recovery rate of 87.2%. Keywords: copper …
The agglomerate and those cured present a greater importance in the treatment of copper sulphide ores. The CuproChlor®pretreat- ment process (calcium chloride addition) stands out, which produces a heap leaching time of 110 days, with copper extractions that vary between 86 and 96% at 25 C.
A: Open-cast mining of copper ore. B: Preparation of dumps for leaching. C: Irrigation by perforated tubes. D: Dump leaching area, covered for insulation. E: Overall view of the leaching operation plant (1: dump leaching area; 2: solvent extraction for copper concentration; 3: collecting pond for the concentrated leaching solution; 4 ...
The dump leaching of copper Download PDF Info Publication number ...For material sent to the run-of-mine dump leach or india.sulfide type copper ore dump leaching plant; ... jaw crusher 500750 jaw crushing machine ftm raw chromium ore crusher kenya 25819 pe 500750 jaw crusher is a kind of copper ore crusher iron ore if you are in the field of ...
All copper sulfides require the presence of Fe 3+ and O 2 as oxidizing agents for leaching to occur. The copper sulfide is oxidized by Fe 3+.The resulting Fe 2+ is reoxidized to Fe 3+ by O 2.The Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox couple acts in a catalytic manner in these reactions (shown for elevated-temperature reaction conditions where the sulfur-containing product …
Two-thirds of all domestic copper mines use some form of solution operations. Typical leaching agents used in solution beneficiation are hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Microbial (or bacterial) leaching is used for lowgrade sulfide ores; however, this type of leaching is much slower than standard acid leaching. Its use is still being piloted.
Even though copper ores are extensively available in China, the majority of current ores are of low grade and heterogeneous dissemination-type (Yang et al., 2002; Wu et al., 2007; Yin et al., 2018 ...
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